Provide virtual studio lighting design solutions, camera keying lighting solutions and other LED video lights support DMX512 control

Detailed plan and price

Lighting knowledge

 Multiple shooting in studioNews and video shows, The lighting method is generallyDot step light, The camera and people can''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''t move the position, and the light effect will disappear if the position changes.Multi-camera shootingIt is very different, requiring the entire lighting areaClear layers, strong three-dimensional effect, soft and uniform light. Different camera positions and characters in different positions require the same light.A studio lighting location, Generally used（Top light, surface light, side light, catch light, Contour light, backlight,Background light）The composition of the uniform lighting method.

Pay attention to the following points when lighting:&Amp;nbsp;Face light: The surface light of the virtual studio is generally low and flat, try to avoid the primary projection on the host. Because the reflected light from the blue box acts on the shadow, after processing by the computer, the shadow will be eliminated by the blue elimination circuit of the chroma keyer, thereby affecting the output prospects（host）Image quality. It is not recommended to add a main light source in the virtual studio, because if it is used improperly, there may be a logical error in the projection environment, and there may be inconsistencies between the actual light source and the virtual light source. In addition, the secondary projection of the main light source on the blue box will also affect the computer''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s image processing. Backlight: The traditional lighting principle is that the backlight is stronger than the main light, so as to highlight the vivid outline of the host and enhance the three-dimensional sense of space. The virtual studio must pay attention to the reasonable use of backlighting. Too strong backlighting will make the blue box ground appear bright and white and destroy the consistency of the blue box tone, affecting the computer''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s blue keying effect; the secondary projection of the foreground on the blue box ground will also affect the computer''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s image processing. Instead of backlighting or backlighting too weak, the foreground（host）The elephant is stuck on an electronic background, very rigid. Therefore, the reasonable use of backlighting can well reflect the relationship between people and the scene, thereby enhancing the sense of depth and enhancing the three-dimensional effect.  Side light: The virtual studio must add side light. Because the chroma keyer in the virtual system uses a blue elimination circuit, the blue tone that acts on the edge of the host’s clothes by the reflected light from the blue box will be removed by the blue elimination circuit, and the edge of the host that comes out becomes black. Therefore, side light must be added to eliminate the blue component on the edge of the host’s clothes.  Astigmatism: Try to avoid the influence of the reflected light of the host’s clothing and the refracted light produced by transparent props on the blue box. The bright spots on the blue box will cause foggy images in the background part of the composite image.

White balance: Take care to avoid the influence of the reflected light from the blue box on the white balance. If the white balance is not adjusted well, it will cause the mask signal level to become lower and the foreground objects to be distorted.

Studio building

The interview studio decoration, lighting installation, and required audio and video equipment meet and meet the studio construction standards for audio and video recording and broadcasting requirements such as news interviews, special lectures, and small program production.

1. Suggestions on studio environment requirements

The studio is a place that uses light and sound to create space art, and is a base for TV program production. In addition to recording sound, you must also record images. Guests, hosts and cast members work, produce and perform inside. Therefore, in addition to the necessary video recording and editing equipment, it must have sufficient sound and light equipment and conditions to facilitate creation.
1. 1 Studio classification
Television studios are generally divided into large-scale（400 square meters or more）; Medium（Around 150 square meters）And small（Below 50 square meters）.

Large-scale studios are mostly used for large-scale singing and dancing, opera, variety shows, etc., and can also be used for TV dramas. In a large-scale studio, it can be divided into several small scenic spots, one by one, and the scenic spots are shot immediately. Change the setting and shoot another scene of the program to improve studio utilization. Medium-sized studios are suitable for small-scale operas, song and dance, intellectual competitions or seminars. TV stations are most suitable when producing visualized teaching programs or arranging some educational films with plots. Small studios are mainly used for programs with little action such as news, program previews, and model teaching, and are mostly used for inserting broadcasts, narrating and shooting small objects.
Television stations generally have medium-sized studios, and multiple scenic spots can be set up to achieve the purpose of comprehensive utilization of the studio. Special teaching programs can be produced, such as family counseling, foreign language teaching, education news and other programs are placed in a studio, each with its own set and props, the same set of recording equipment, and the same control room. As long as you arrange the time and move the camera, you can easily go to each scenic spot to shoot programs, which can increase the utilization rate of the studio and save equipment.
The internal structure of medium and small studios used by TV stations is an asymmetrical rectangle. To reduce multiple reflections of sound between the walls. The floor height of the studio is generally about 4 meters, and the height can reach more than 9 meters, because there must be enough space above the sky curtain to install the lighting running mechanism, air-conditioning ducts and to accommodate excess heat. The best arrangement for rooms around the studio is two floors. The first floor is a warehouse, which stores special equipment such as cameras, lighting fixtures, microphones, and audio equipment. Each has a door to communicate with the studio for easy management. The second floor is the control room, and there are observation windows on the side of the wall for the director or lighting engineer to understand the situation on the spot when necessary. Under normal circumstances, the monitor is the mainstay. therefore,The observation window does not have to be placed in the center. In order to prevent the control room from being too high from the ground, the height of each storeroom on the first floor should be designed below 2.5 meters. The small studio and control room can also be on the same floor.
1, 2 Studio acoustic requirements
The requirements for studio acoustics are neither as simple as a studio nor as sophisticated as a recording studio. Because TV production is not like filming in a studio, and then dubbing in the studio. It is often done in one go with simultaneous sound. To this end, only the main indicators are required.
1. Reverberation time
The time required for the sound energy to drop by 60dB after the sound source stops radiating is the reverberation time. Its size is related to the sound absorption coefficient of the room volume, wall, floor and ceiling. The reverberation time of TV studios is generally designed to be about 0.6 seconds. Small and medium-sized studios built by TV stations have to strengthen sound absorption in order to reduce the reverberation time. Start with measures. The usual practice is: indoor walls and ceilings are all made of sound-absorbing materials, and the decoration does not need to be gorgeous. Pay attention to the sound absorption of each frequency band to be even.The color is also gray and dark without reflection. Commonly used materials are hollow brick, rock wool board, rock surface bag, perforated gypsum board, calcium plastic board and fireproof insulation board. In accordance with acoustic requirements, in addition to sound absorption, there are also devices for reflecting, diffusing the sound field and using cavity resonance to absorb related low-frequency sound energy. In order to meet the requirements of fire protection performance, when making the above-mentioned decorative bodies, the materials selected must meet the fire protection regulations.
The reverberation time measurement method is implemented in accordance with the national standard GBJ76-84“hall reverberation time measurement specification”.

1, 3 Studio lighting requirements

Small and mediumThe studio puts forward special requirements for studio lighting. Compared with traditional studios, there are a series of problems to be solved in terms of lighting.
（1）The illuminance of the studio is according to the standard requirements of the camera standard image1500-2000IX,However, if the illuminance contrast of the editing and other post-production rooms is not handled well, it is easy to make the video signal output by the camera fail to meet the requirements of broadcast level, or although the image of the announcer meets the requirements, the background is blurred. especiallySmall and mediumThe production room of the studio background is easy to use and the editing room forms a“Black hole”If you simply increase the illuminance in the editing area, the editors will work under strong glare, which is very uncomfortable.Therefore, the design of the studio and studio lighting should be reasonable.

（2）The lighting of the editing room does not require the color temperature and color rendering index of the light source, while the color temperature of the lighting for TV cameras is 3200K（The cold light source is 300K）, The color rendering index is required to be above 85（Should be above 90）. To useProfessional studio three primary colorsThe lighting fixture meets the lighting requirements of TV camera, which is required in lighting designReasonable selection.

（3）The lighting of the office room should only feel the normal brightness, and there should be no glare, that is, the staff can not see the light source when they are working normally and looking at it. In order to meet the layering and clear outline of the TV camera picture, the studio lighting requires a certain angle, and the lamps are relatively “naked”.

（4）Studio backgrounduseThere is a circle of curtain or background boarddeal with, The broadcasting area and the background editing area are at the same level. The background is solid and virtual, and the requirements for lighting are completely different. If the background light is not handled well, it is easy to appear dazzling brightness contrast on the TV image. thereforeUnder certain restrictions on reinvestment, reasonable allocation and adjustment of lamps should be done.onlyEven if you useA background lightIt''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''s okay, sorelativelyLess investment.

1, 4 Classification and use of lighting,

The light processing effect in video technology is for expressing expressions and shaping the image. It exists as the “adjustment” in the visual language, but it is an indispensable part of the video technology. The three most basic lighting effects in the studio and their status in video technology.

Light originally has two meanings. One refers to the personnel responsible for lighting the video materials when shooting, and the other refers to the lighting equipment used in or outside the studio. The lighting effect is the method of using artificial lighting when shooting, using various lighting equipment to arrange different distances of light for the photographed characters and objects to obtain artistically appealing video effects. In the shooting of TV teaching materials, teaching feature films, and TV video lectures, lighting is often carried out according to the needs of video scenes, scene scheduling and camera effects to highlight the image performance of the characters, highlight the content required by the TV film, and highlight the key links of education and teaching At the same time, it sets off the atmosphere of the environment and creates the specific scenes required by the educational and teaching videos, making the picture more vivid and expressive. Of course, in outdoor shooting, natural light should be used to adjust the lighting with reflective or refracting equipment, and it can also be supplemented with appropriate artificial lighting. This is a topic that needs to be discussed separately.

In the studio, when the auxiliary video recording is taken, there are three basic light positions for the illumination of the photographed person and object, that is, the three basic light illumination processing of main light, auxiliary light and backlight.

The main light is the main direct light in the video picture. It is the main factor in the composition of the video picture. It is used to describe the main shape and sense of space of the subject, and it is used to create the main light effect and determine the dark contrast of the picture. Whether it is a person, an object, or the environment, there needs to be a main light to illuminate. Of course, the indoor light source is light, and the outdoor light source is mainly the sun. Due to the different projection angles, methods, strengths and flashing forms of the main light sources, the pictures show different effects, different times, and different environments. Different atmosphere. Generally speaking, the orientation of the main light is located slightly higher on the front side of the subject, so that the three-dimensional feeling and texture of the subject can be better expressed. When arranging the main light, you must pay attention to the following three points:

1In the same picture, if the range of activities of the characters is relatively small, such as the teacher sitting in front of the podium and standing up to give lectures, one main light can often be used to illuminate the two moving parts; in this way, the light projection direction is the same, and the background has only one shadow. The scene is more uniform and realistic.

2, If the range of activities of the characters is large, such as the teacher needs to frequently patrol the students under the stage, write on the blackboard on the stage, operate the media for presentations, etc., two or more lights must be used as the main lighting. To illuminate the lights of different parts, you should not only pay attention to the connection of light, so that the characters can move smoothly, and the picture is unified, but also pay attention not to let the light affect each other and weaken the picture effect.

3, When shooting a teaching feature film for on-site interviews, due to the large shooting range and relatively few lamps, the lighting personnel can raise the lights to follow the different positions of the photographed people and scenery. This is of course the same in shooting large-scale events, such as shooting themed class meetings, school celebrations, etc., but it should be noted that when shooting the same feature film, the distance and orientation of the lights, characters, and scenery should be as consistent as possible to make the main light effect Keep consistent, the style of education and teaching thematic videos is unified.

The auxiliary light is also called auxiliary light, which refers to the auxiliary light that shines on the shadow part that is not directly irradiated by the main light. The auxiliary light plays a role in adjusting the balance between the brightness and darkness of the video picture. Because it is an auxiliary light, a softer light is often used. The brightness ratio between the secondary light and the main light affects the contrast of the picture and the video effect. The light ratio has no fixed ratio and depends on the specific situation. The light ratio is also different when the environment, scenery, and characters are different.

The ratio of the brightness value or illuminance value between the light and the dark formed by the irradiated light on the subject is the light ratio. The light ratio determines the brightness and contrast of the video screen, forming different tones and screen forms, showing different video modeling effects and video artistic atmosphere. In video shooting, the light ratio is mainly manifested in the following three aspects:

1, Between the main light and auxiliary light of the illuminated scene, such as the ratio of the brightness value or the illuminance value of the light-receiving part and the backlight part of the same reflectance surface. It is the common and main light ratio that forms the video image contrast.

2, The ratio of the brightness value or the illuminance value between the surface of the neighboring parts with different reflectivity, such as the brightness value or the illuminance value of the face and the clothes or the background scene. Under the condition of clear main light and auxiliary light, it affects the contrast between light and dark of the video picture to a certain extent.（Front light）Or scattered light（No obvious projection of light on the subject）Under conditions, it is the most important light ratio that forms the contrast between light and dark in the video picture.

3, The ratio of the brightness value or illuminance value between the high-brightness part and the low-brightness part in the scene is called the light ratio, which has the effect of enhancing the vividness of the video image. The method of controlling the light ratio in photographic lighting, under artificial lighting conditions, is usually to change the brightness or illuminance value of the secondary light illumination part and adjust it. The light ratio of the local adjacent parts of the surface with different reflectivity is treated locally according to specific conditions. Light ratio is an important aspect of light processing. For different themes, styles of video teaching materials and different characters, cameramen often use different light ratios. Generally speaking, the light ratio of young women and children is smaller. The light ratio of workers is greater. Normally, the light ratio should be1:2——1:4between.

It can be seen that the conditions in the studio are better, and the camera crew can balance the main light and auxiliary light according to their creative intentions to maintain a certain brightness and a certain light ratio.

The use of backlighting. Backlight is also called backlight and contour light. It is the light that shoots from behind the person or object, which can make the object sharp. Furthermore, the backlight can illuminate the outline of the object very clearly, with a strong sense of depth. The brightness interval of the subject in the backlight is very large, and there are both obvious flares and deep shadows in the video picture. When there are many shadows, it can form a dark picture. Backlighting as the main light can form a silhouette effect. If you need a half-silhouette effect, you need to add light assistance. Generally, the auxiliary light is shot from the front, and its brightness depends on the degree of the half-silhouette; the back light can also shine the half-silhouette effect .

In the studio, the light position processing methods of the main light, auxiliary light, and back light are flexible and the effects produced are mutually restricted. If the main light is high, the auxiliary light must be low; the main light is on the side and the auxiliary light is on the front; the backlight determines its height, left and right according to the position determined by the main light and the auxiliary light, but sometimes the backlight is used as an isolation light and beautify The light may not consider the positional relationship with the main light and the auxiliary light. The three light positions are handled properly, and the light can complement each other. Even when the position and direction of the subject change, the image of the subject can still be correctly represented; and once the light is not handled properly, the light will interfere with each other and damage the subject. Accurate expression of the subject. Therefore, the correct three-point lighting must not only create specific lighting effects based on the concept of the shooting task, but also provide an indispensable program for the successful completion of TV teaching materials, teaching feature films, and TV video lectures. It is a guarantee of video technology The basic link that can exert the greatest advantage. When we yearn for good lighting effects in the studio, when we illuminate the subject, determine the light position, meter the light intensity, adjust the light ratio, and eliminate interference, we must grasp the basic method of lighting and strictly follow the cloth The basic steps of light, this is:

1. Establish the light position of the main light and make preliminary modeling of the subject;

2. Equipped with auxiliary light to make up for the deficiencies of the main light and improve the shape of the part not illuminated by the main light;

3. In order to distinguish the subject from the background and enhance the sense of space of the subject, backlighting can be used;

4. In the process of lighting, it is necessary to pay attention to the various lights not to interfere with each other, and the auxiliary light and backlight should be in harmony with the main light;

5. After the basic lighting is completed, check whether there are still defects in the subject and the light receiving area in the overall picture. If it has reached a satisfactory level, immediately meter the light, adjust the light ratio and enter the video shooting program.